Dengue NS-1 Antigen Detection By EIA - Serum

Dengue NS1 test is done for diagnosis of dengue infection. It should ideally be done between day 1 and day 9 of development of symptoms in patient. 
Patients, post first infection with a different serotype of dengue virus can develop severe form of disease with the following symptoms: abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding from nose, gums, blood in stool and restlessness.

To check for the mosquito-borne dengue virus in the patient's blood.

Dengue ns1 test detects presence of dengue virus in the blood

The test measures the presence of Nonstructural Protein1 (NS1) antigen in the bloodstream. It gets produced by the replication of the mosquito-borne dengue virus.

The blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a  little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.

A healthcare provider will take your blood sample. An elastic band gets tightly tied to the upper arm. You have to tighten your fist. Your skin gets disinfected with cotton soaked in alcohol. The healthcare provider inserts the needle into your vein just above your elbow to collect your blood. The blood will then gets poured into a serum separator tube. You may feel a prick when the needle enters and exits your vein. The healthcare provider then puts clean cotton over the punctured area. The provider will ask you to fold your elbow and hold it for a minute or two. Then a tiny bandaid is used to cover the punctured wound.

Negative

Bilirubin is measured in milligrams per decilitre of blood. A value less than 1.2 mg/dl is normal.

Positive: More than 2.85 IV

Negative: Less than 1.64 IV

Test result positive implies patient is suffering from dengue infection. However, a false positive result may occur due to other flaviviruses like west nile virus and Yellow fever. Confirmation with dengue RTPCR is recommended.
Test result negative implies that patient is not suffering from dengue infection. Results may be negative if test is done post 9 days of onset of symptoms 

A positive NS1 test confirms the presence of dengue virus infection.

• A negative NS1 test means the patient is not suffering from dengue infection. But it does not mean there is no dengue infection.
• The patient must get tested for dengue IgM antibodies to check for possible and recent exposure to the mosquito-borne dengue virus. If the antibodies are not there, there is no dengue infection.
• Results may come negative for the test done post nine days of onset of symptoms.
• However, a false positive result may occur due to other flaviviruses like the West Nile virus and Yellow fever.
• Recommendation for confirmation with dengue RT-PCR

The dengue test requires 10-12 hours of fasting. Your doctor may ask you to stop taking your medications before the test.

The patient must take the dengue test during the initial days of the infection, that is, zero to seven days.

You can obtain the test result within a day.

• Febrile (Fever) - In the first three days of the infection, the patient has a fever of 39 to 40 degrees C, along with weakness, eye pain, joint pain, body aches, and weakness.
• Critical - Lasts from the 3rd to 7th day of the infection, when the fever and blood pressure are reduced. The patient experiences restlessness, weakness, cold skin, rapid heart rate, vomiting of blood, and internal bleeding.
• Convalescent (Recovery) - The patient comes back to a normal state and feels hungry, their pulse is normal, and the only symptom of this stage is a rash on the arms and legs.

Complete Blood Count: Patients with dengue virus infection have platelets less than 1,00,000 /mL. In critical patients, platelets may be as low as 20,000 /mL.

A complete blood count test helps detect the platelet count, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.

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